Two cases of Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia were successfully treated with Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

Main Article Content

Osman Kara
Tayfun Elibol

Abstract

Objective: Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia (CNL) is a rarely seen myeloproliferative neoplasia (MPN) in which the BCR-ABL1 gene mutation is negative, and is characterized by persistent neutrophilic proliferation in the bloodstream and granulocytic hyperplasia in the bone marrow. CNL is usually diagnosed incidentally in asymptomatic individuals with persistent neutrophilic leukocytosis. When genetically examined, BCR-ABL1 fusion gene, JAK-2 V617F, and exon12 mutations, CALR mutations, PDGFRA-B, FGRF1 mutations are all not detected, while CSF3R mutation is observed in most of the cases. The WHO-2016 classification determined the presence of CSF3R T618I and other activating CSF3R mutations as diagnostic criteria. While the prognosis is poor in CNL cases with the CSF3R T618I mutation, it is more moderate in the presence of other CSF3R mutations. The average life expectancy is 21-30 months, and 5-year survival rates are around 28%. Although no treatment modality provides an average survival advantage other than hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), there is no accepted 'standard of care' consensus. HSCT procedures performed in CNL cases are limited in the literature.


Case: In this study, we presented two cases of CNL who were successfully treated with allogeneic stem cell transplantation and cured.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
Kara, O., & Elibol, T. . (2022). Two cases of Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia were successfully treated with Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation. Medical Science and Discovery, 9(6), 375–377. https://doi.org/10.36472/msd.v9i6.750
Section
Case Reports
Received 2022-06-01
Accepted 2022-06-11
Published 2022-06-29

References

Szuber N, Elliott M, Tefferi A. Chronic neutrophilic leukemia: 2020 update on diagnosis, molecular genetics, prognosis, and management. 2020;95(2):212-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.25688

Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Diebold J, Flandrin G, Muller-Hermelink HK, Vardiman J et al. World Health Organization classification of neoplastic diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues: report of the Clinical Advisory Committee meeting-Airlie House, Virginia, November 1997. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1999;17(12):3835-49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1999.17.12.3835

E. Campo NLH, E.S. Jaffe, S.A. Pileri, J. Thiele. WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues Revised Edition. World Health Organization; Revised Edition; 2017.

Elliott MA, Hanson CA, Dewald GW, Smoley SA, Lasho TL, Tefferi A. WHO-defined chronic neutrophilic leukemia: a long-term analysis of 12 cases and a critical review of the literature. Leukemia. 2005;19(2):313-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.leu.2403562

Elliott MA, Pardanani A, Hanson CA, Lasho TL, Finke CM, Belachew AA et al. ASXL1 mutations are frequent and prognostically detrimental in CSF3R-mutated chronic neutrophilic leukemia. 2015;90(7):653-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.24031

Maxson JE, Gotlib J, Pollyea DA, Fleischman AG, Agarwal A, Eide CA et al. Oncogenic CSF3R mutations in chronic neutrophilic leukemia and atypical CML. The New England journal of medicine. 2013;368(19):1781-90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1214514

Beekman R, Valkhof MG, Sanders MA, van Strien PM, Haanstra JR, Broeders L et al. Sequential gain of mutations in severe congenital neutropenia progressing to acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2012;119(22):5071-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2012-01-406116

Reilly JT. Chronic neutrophilic leukaemia: a distinct clinical entity? British journal of haematology. 2002;116(1):10-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2141.2002.03234.x

Meyer S, Feremans W, Cantiniaux B, Capel P, Huygen K, Dicato M. Successful alpha-2b-interferon therapy for chronic neutrophilic leukemia. American journal of hematology. 1993;43(4):307-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.2830430416

Elliott MA. Chronic neutrophilic leukemia and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: WHO defined. Best practice & research Clinical haematology. 2006;19(3):571-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beha.2005.07.012

Szuber N, Finke CM, Lasho TL, Elliott MA, Hanson CA, Pardanani A et al. CSF3R-mutated chronic neutrophilic leukemia: long-term outcome in 19 consecutive patients and risk model for survival. Blood Cancer J. 2018;8(2):21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41408-018-0058-7

Elliott MA. Chronic neutrophilic leukemia: a contemporary review. Current hematology reports. 2004;3(3):210-7.

Menezes J, Cigudosa JC. Chronic neutrophilic leukemia: a clinical perspective. OncoTargets and therapy. 2015;8:2383-90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S49688

Lee SE, Jo I, Jang W, Kim Y, Han K, Kim M. T618I-Mutated Colony Stimulating Factor 3 Receptor in Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia and Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia Patients who Underwent Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation. Annals of laboratory medicine. 2015;35(3):376-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3343/alm.2015.35.3.376