Medical Science and Discovery

Genetics of male infertility and related genes within Y chromosome

2019-11-30T14:02:44+03:00

Objective: The infertility is a reproductive health problem that affects nearly 7% of all couples in the human population. It has been estimated that nearly 50% of infertility cases are due to genetic defects. Male infertility may be contributory to 30 - 40 % of infertile couples. Male infertility focuses on genetic factors impairing spermatogenesis and structural abnormalities such as Y chromosome microdeletions. The Y chromosome microdeletions are the most frequent genetic cause of male infertility. In this review article, we will focus on the structural abnormality and related gene functions on infertility.

The Investigation of EGFR mutation and ALK gene rearrangement rates in lung adenocarcinoma patients in Mardin

2019-11-30T14:02:53+03:00

Objective: Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is a heterogeneous group of tumors comprising different histologic subtypes and genetic mutations. Important mutations are EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor), ALK (Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase) rearrangement and ROS 1 rearrangement. This study aimed to determine the mutation rates of lung adenocarcinoma patients admitted to Mardin State Hospital Oncology clinic and to review the literature on the term mutually exclusivity.

Materials and Methods: The records of patients admitted to Mardin State Hospital Medical Oncology Clinic between 2014-2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The descriptive statistics for continuous variables mean/median; for categorical variables, frequency (n) and percentage (%) were shown.

Results: There were 39 lung adenocarcinoma patients (30.2%) among 130 lung cancer patients. The median age of female patients was 49.31 (27-74), while the median age of male patients was 58.87 (43-78). There were 6 EGFR mutant (15.4%) patients and 2 (5.1%) patients with ALK rearrangement. There were no ROS-1 positive patients.

Conclusion: This study indicates that EGFR mutation rates may be very low in Turkey compared to the literature and ALK rates may be close to the literature. To determine the actual mutation rates and factors affecting genetic alterations in Turkey, there are needed to further studies.

Relationship between learning styles of faculty members and orthodontic and dentofacial orthopedic residents: an analytical cross-sectional study in an accredited dental school in Latin America

2019-11-30T14:02:51+03:00

Objective: Information regarding the correlation between the learning styles of faculty members and orthodontic and dentofacial orthopedic residents is scant. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the learning styles of faculty members and orthodontic and dentofacial orthopedic residents.

Material and Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, faculty members and orthodontic and dentofacial orthopedic residents of the School of Dentistry at the Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia completed a structured questionnaire to identify their learning styles.

Results: A total of 24 residents (100%) and 36 (100%) faculty members responded to the questionnaire. Residents and faculty members presented preference for the theorist and reflector styles; however, the faculty members had a higher value in the theorist style. Statistical significant Pearson correlations were identified among men residents with theorist style (r=0,36; p=0.24), and among men faculty members with active (r=0,37; p=0.026) and pragmatist styles (r=0,5; p<0.0001). Consequently, an association was observed among men residents with the theorist style, which persisted after adjusting for age and semester enrolled (OR=1.5; p=0.03). On the other hand, associations were detected among men faculty members with the active (OR=1.3; p=0.02) and the pragmatist styles (OR=1.4; p=0.005), which also remained after adjusting for age in the multivariate models.

Conclusion: Residents and faculty members showed a preference for the theorist and reflector styles. Besides, this paper found associations between gender and some specific learning styles: men residents were associated with the theorist style, and men faculty members were associated with the active and pragmatist styles.

The comparison of antioxidant enzyme activities in Quince Fruit (Cydonia Oblonga) grown in Van, Ankara and İzmir

2019-11-30T14:02:49+03:00

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to determine the activity of some antioxidant enzymes in the quince fruit (Cydonia Oblonga) which grown in different regions of Turkey.

Materials and Methods: For this study, firstly, quince fruit grown in different provinces such as Van, Ankara and İzmir was obtained for this study. Then, extracts of quince fruit were prepared and antioxidant enzyme activities were determined by spectrophotometric method. The findings were analyzed using statistical methods and the results were interpreted.

Results: The difference between the means in terms of Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase and Glutathione Reductase (SOD, CAT and GR) enzyme levels was found to be statistically significant for quince fruit grown in Van, Ankara and İzmir (p <0.05). Accordingly, CAT, SOD and GR levels in quince fruit grown in İzmir were significantly higher than other regions.

Conclusion: As a result, the antioxidant property of quince fruit seems to be very important. The consumption of quince fruit especially in winter can be protective against some diseases, especially winter diseases. Further research on quince fruit should be done.

Effect of Bacterial Vaginozis and cervical length on preterm delivery in second trimester

2019-12-05T12:13:55+03:00

Objective: Preterm birth is one of the major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Clinical studies have pointed out the association between preterm birth and bacterial vaginosis (BV) infection. Our aim is to discover the incidence of BV and search for the mean cervical length and parameters for the prediction of preterm delivery.

Materials and Methods: 130 pregnant woman between the 16th and 24th gestational week were included in our study. A detailed medical history was obtained from all of the women, and patients with a history of preterm delivery and the Vaginal Ph values and cervical length measurement were evaluated. Vaginal samples were analyzed, gram staining was performed, and a bacterial vaginosis diagnosis was made with Nugent’s criteria.

Results: Of 130 woman that we included in our study, only 19 had bacterial vaginosis (14.6 %), and the mean cervical length was measured as 41.79 mm. Preterm birth occurred in nine of the pregnant women (6.9%), and no statistically significant difference was found between BV and shortened cervical length or preterm labor. When we excluded the known preterm birth risk factors from our study, we could not find a significant difference between preterm labor and BV.

Conclusion: We concluded that BV by itself is not a preterm risk factor. The frequency of BV in the pregnant women in our study group according to the preterm delivery rate and the mean cervical length were similar to those in international studies in which the relationship between cervical length and preterm delivery has been established. We did not come to a significant conclusion in our research; nevertheless, we can relate this result to the preterm delivery rate that is found to be lower than expected.

A case of Sheehan Syndrome with chronic diffuse muscle pain and weakness

2019-11-30T14:02:55+03:00

Objective: Sheehan’s syndrome is pituitary deficiency induced by intrapartum and postpartum hemorrhage and hypovolemia. It is still frequent in underdeveloped and developing countries. Sheehan’s syndrome is one of the reason of empty sella. The symptoms of the syndrome can be seen months to years later depend on the degree of pituitary damage. History of postpartum hemorrhage, failure to lactate and cessation of menses are important clues to the diagnosis. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are very important to reduce morbidity and mortality of the patients.

Case: In this study sheehan’s syndrome which led to auto pan-hypopituitarism and developed gradually in a patient with sheehan‘s syndrome which in this case, delivered a baby at home 27 years ago and had severe postpartum hemorrhage will be presented. And this 63-year-old female patient was diagnosed as Sjogren’s syndrome and sheehan syndrome by clinical and laboratory findings for the purpose of further investigation and treatment because of symptoms of fever and anemia