The relationship between emotional and behavioral problems, and parent-child interaction and parental self-efficacy in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy
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Abstract
Objective: Our aim was to investigate relationships between emotional and social/behavioral difficulties and parental self-efficacy and parent-child interaction in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP).
Materials and Methods: Seventy-eight children and adolescents with different clinical types of CP aged 11-17 years (mean age: 13,35±2,6; 40 males, 38 females) were enrolled in the study. Availability of emotional and social/behavioral difficulties was measured with a self-reported version of the Strength and Difficulties Scale (SDQ)-for ages 11-17 and quality of parent-child interaction was measured with the Parent-Child Communication Scale (PCCS). The Parental Self-Efficacy Scale (PSES) was administered to measure parents’ belief in their capacity to effectively parent their children.
Results: 35.9% of children adolescents with CP in this study had abnormal SDQ-overall and prosocial subtest scores. More specifically, children and adolescents with CP in low mobility levels (Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS]- IV-V) were more likely to have severe emotional and social/behavioral symptoms (75%) compared to those with high mobility levels (GMFCS I-III) (18.5%). Individuals with spastic quadriplegia, dyskinetic, and ataxic CP were found to be more vulnerable to both emotional (71.4%) and social/behavioral difficulties (87%) than those with spastic hemiplegic and spastic diplegic CP (for hemiplegic and diplegic CP: rate of emotional problems; 16% and rate of social/behavioral difficulties: 8%). Importantly, we found that emotional problems availability showed a strong correlation with the quality of parent-child interaction (r = -0.78) and a good correlation with the parental self-efficacy (r=-0.65).
Conclusion: Children and adolescents with low mobility levels or with spastic quadriplegic, dyskinetic, and ataxic CP are more susceptible to emotional problems and social/behavioral difficulties compared to those with high mobility levels or hemiplegic and diplegic CP. Poor parent-child interaction and parental self-efficacy are significantly associated with the availability of mental health disorders and social/behavioral symptoms in children and adolescents with CP.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Accepted 2023-06-15
Published 2023-06-16
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